新英格蘭醫學雜誌:治療多發性骨髓瘤的新方案

骨髓瘤是惡性漿細胞病中最常見的一種類型。異常漿細胞能夠擠占或抑制骨髓中其他它細胞的生長。這種抑制性可能會導致貧血、大出血以及抗感染能力減退。

多發性骨髓瘤是一種不常見的癌症。在美國,每年大約30000人將被診斷為多發性骨髓瘤。2012年,全世界約114250人被確診為多發性骨髓瘤,目前中國尚缺乏這方面的準確數據。

達雷木單抗(Daratumumab)是首個被批准用於治療多發性骨髓瘤的單克隆抗體,靶向CD38的IgG1κ,可使複發/難治性多發性骨髓瘤患者產生更深更持久的響應,並且安全性也可接受。在2016年6月5日芝加哥的ASCO大會上,AntonioPalumbo博士帶來了關於達雷木單抗(Daratumumab)聯合硼替佐米+地塞米松治療複發/難治性多發性骨髓瘤的重要研究,這個新治療策略看似能迅速控制癌症生長。但對於初治的多發性骨髓瘤同樣有效嗎?請看《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》剛剛(2018年2月8日在線先發)發布的研究結果。

Advertisements

《壹篇》按

《新英格蘭醫學雜誌》2018年2月8日在線先發

http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1714678?query=featured_home

達雷木單抗+硼替佐米、美法侖、潑尼松治療初治骨髓瘤

背景

對於新診斷出的、不適合進行自體幹細胞移植的多發性骨髓瘤患者,硼替佐米、美法侖和潑尼松聯合治療是一種標準治療方案。在難治性或複發性多發性骨髓瘤患者中,達雷木單抗聯合標準治療方案顯示出有療效。

方法

在這項3期臨床試驗中,我們將706名新診斷出的、不適合進行自體幹細胞移植的多發性骨髓瘤患者隨機分組,一組接受9個周期的單純硼替佐米、美法侖和潑尼松治療(對照組),一組接受硼替佐米、美法侖和潑尼松聯合達雷木單抗治療(達雷木單抗組),直至腫瘤進展。主要終點為無進展生存。

Advertisements

結果

在一項事先確定的中期分析中,中位隨訪16.5個月,達雷木單抗組18個月的無進展生存率為71.6%(95%置信區間[CI],65.5-76.8)、對照組50.2%(95%CI,43.2-56.7)(腫瘤進展或死亡的風險比,0.50;95%CI,0.38-0.65;P<0.001)。達雷木單抗組總緩解率為90.9%,而對照組為73.9%(P<0.001);完全緩解或更佳緩解(包括高標準的完全緩解)率為42.6%對比24.4%(P<0.001)。在達雷木單抗組,22.3%患者的微小殘留病灶(界定值為每10的5次方個白細胞中1個腫瘤細胞)為陰性,而在對照組,6.2%的患者為陰性(P<0.001)。最常見的3、4級不良反應為血液系統:中性粒細胞減少(達雷木單抗組39.9%的患者出現、對照組38.7%的患者出現)、血小板減少(分別為34.4%、37.6%)、貧血(分別為15.9%、19.8%)。達雷木單抗組3、4級感染率為23.1%、對照組14.7%,由於感染而治療中斷率分別為0.9%、1.4%。有27.7%的患者發生了輸注達雷木單抗相關的反應。

結論

在新診斷出的、不適合進行自體幹細胞移植的多發性骨髓瘤患者中,達雷木單抗聯合硼替佐米、美法侖、潑尼松與同樣治療方案但不含達雷木單抗相比,使得腫瘤進展或死亡的風險更低。含達雷木單抗治療方案與更多的3、4級感染相關。

《壹篇》南南和北北

Daratumumab plus Bortezomib, Melphalan, and Prednisonefor Untreated Myeloma

Background

The combination of bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone is astandard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed multiplemyeloma who are ineligible for autologous stem-celltransplantation. Daratumumab has shown efficacy in combination withstandard-of-care regimens in patients with relapsed or refractorymultiple myeloma.

Methods

In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 706 patients withnewly diagnosed multiple myeloma who were ineligible for stem-celltransplantation to receive nine cycles of bortezomib, melphalan,and prednisone either alone (control group) or with daratumumab(daratumumab group) until disease progression. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival.

Results

At a median follow-up of 16.5 months in a prespecified interimanalysis, the 18-month progression-free survival rate was 71.6%(95% confidence interval [CI], 65.5 to 76.8) in the daratumumabgroup and 50.2% (95% CI, 43.2 to 56.7) in the control group (hazardratio for disease progression or death, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.65;P<0.001). The overall response rate was 90.9% in the daratumumabgroup, as compared with 73.9% in the control group (P<0.001),and the rate of complete response or better (including stringentcomplete response) was 42.6%, versus 24.4% (P<0.001). In thedaratumumab group, 22.3% of the patients were negative for minimalresidual disease (at a threshold of 1 tumor cell per 105 whitecells), as compared with 6.2% of those in the control group(P<0.001). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or 4 werehematologic: neutropenia (in 39.9% of the patients in thedaratumumab group and in 38.7% of those in the control group),thrombocytopenia (in 34.4% and 37.6%, respectively), and anemia (in15.9% and 19.8%, respectively). The rate of grade 3 or 4 infectionswas 23.1% in the daratumumab group and 14.7% in the control group;the rate of treatment discontinuation due to infections was 0.9%and 1.4%, respectively. Daratumumab-associated infusion-relatedreactions occurred in 27.7% of the patients.

Conclusions

Among patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who wereineligible for stem-cell transplantation, daratumumab combined withbortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone resulted in a lower risk ofdisease progression or death than the same regimen withoutdaratumumab. The daratumumab-containing regimen was associated withmore grade 3 or 4 infections. (Funded by Janssen Research andDevelopment; ALCYONE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02195479.)

《壹篇》(與桓興醫訊同步)系主要面向醫務人員的公益性頭條號,不以營利為目的,不進行任何有償諮詢和服務,不出售任何產品,與ASCO、CSCO等所有專業學會和機構沒有任何關係和聯繫,也不代表任何官方學會發聲。

文章圖片均來自網路,不做商業用途,若有版權爭議請與《壹篇》聯繫。

堅持點贊、讚賞和轉發是一種態度和支持。

Advertisements

你可能會喜歡